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Flags of Aden
Yemen was under (nominal)
Ottoman rule from 1538, but only in 1848 did this control assume
any sense of reality. For most of its recent history, Yemen has
been divided, often at a very localised level, and these
divisions are reflected by what follows here.
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BRITISH ADEN:
In 1839, South
Arabia came under the "protection" of the British East India Company and,
from 1860 until 1937, of India. In 1937, Aden was established as a separate
colony with separate East Aden and West Aden Protectorates. In 1965 these
states were reconstituted as the Federation of South Arabia. Aden remained
under shrinking British control until 1967.
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FEDERATION OF SOUTH ARABIA:
In the wake
of the growing revolution in North Yemen, the sultanates
of South Arabia (Quatiri, Seiyun, Hamra and Socotra,
Kethiri, Aden, and others) were merged under a new form
of British "protection" between 1959 and 1965 into the
Federation of South Arabia. Almost immediately with the
formation of the federation, opposing nationalist groups
began to challenge the ongoing British role in Yemen;
these groups, especially the Front for the Liberation of
Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Liberation
Front (NLF), soon moved into armed struggle against the
British. The federation came to an end on 30 November
1967 with British withdrawal, NLF victory, and the
formation of the People's Republic of South Yemen.
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YEMEN
ARAB REPUBLIC:
Created when
the last Zaydi Iman, Badr, was overthrown in 1962. With
substantial Egyptian support, the republic was firmly
established against internal and external challenges by
1968. In May 1988 discussions aimed at achieving
unification were opened with the People's Democratic
Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) and, on 22 May 1990 the
new unified Republic of Yemen was declared.
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PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF YEMEN:
On 30
November 1967, South Arabia gained independence under
National Liberation Front (NLF) leadership as the
People's Republic of South Yemen. On 1 December 1970, it
was reconstituted as the People's Democratic Republic of
Yemen (PDRY). |
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REPUBLIC OF YEMEN:
In May 1988
discussions aimed at achieving unification were opened
between the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen); on
22 May 1990 the new unified Republic of Yemen was
declared. |
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This page last updated
Thursday, 24 July 2008
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